Several examples of uses for power electronic systems are DC/DC converters (used in many mobile devices, such as cell phones), AC/DC converters (computer power supplies, battery chargers, etc.), AC/AC converters (motor drivers, railway traction motors, etc.), and DC/AC converters (electric vehicles, active power filters, distributed power supplies, etc.). Accordingly, power electronic converters have the ability to convert, shape, process, and control electrical power and energy in different applications. Correspondingly, different types of power semiconductor switches are employed into power conversion as power electronic converters. After that, Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), Gate Turn-Off Thyristors (GTOs), Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs), and MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCTs) were developed. From 1975 to 1995, more turn-off power-semiconductor elements were developed and implemented. The second power electronics revolution began in 1958 with the development of the thyristor. The first power electronics device was a mercury arc rectifier developed in 1900. The breakthrough and advancement of power semiconductor devices/switches forms the history of power electronics. On top of power electronics converters, combining the IoTs connecting online power systems with data science technologies forms a smarter solution to optimize power and energy operation planning, management and control as micro-grids, and/or a smart grid making a superior energy network in a more effective and intelligent way. Modern power electronics converters are involved in applications such as electrical-machine-motion-control, switched-mode power supplies, renewable energy and storage systems, distributed power generators, power quality compensators, and vehicle chargers. The main purpose of power electronics is to control the flow of electric energy by processing the power electronics switches with storage elements to control its voltage and current to suit the user needs. Wai-Hei Choi, in Pathways to a Smarter Power System, 2019 9.2 Power Electronics Converters The vast majority of contemporary designs of both isolated and nonisolated converters is based upon the application of two basic concepts: the forward-mode and a flyback or boost-mode converter. Auburn, NY: General Electric Co., Semiconductor Products Dept., 1979. † For reliable operation, it is suggested and recommended that all voltage and current ratings be increased to 125% of the required maximum.įrom Application Note 200.87. Power output limited.Ĭ 1 and C 2 have high ripple current requirements. Highest operating frequency.Ĭontinuous input and output current. V C R 1 = 1.5 V I N f o r D = 0.33 V C R 1 = 2 V I N f o r D = 0.50 V C R 1 = 2.5 V I N f o r D = 0.60Ĭontinuous input and output current. I C R 1 = 1.5 I R L f o r D = 0.33 I C R 1 = 2 I R L f o r D = 0.50 I C R 1 = 2.5 I R L f o r D = 0.60 V C E O = 1.5 V I N f o r D = 0.33 V C E O = 2 V I N f o r D = 0.50 V C E O = 2.5 V I N f o r D = 0.60 I c = 1.5 I R L for D = 0.33 I c = 2 I R L for D = 0.50 I c = 2.5 I R L f o r D = 0.60 Requires auxiliary power supplies for control circuit.Ĭross conduction of Q 1, Q 2 possible. Collector current reduced as a function of N 2/ N 1. Preferred to circuit F where high power required. V C R 1 = 2 V I N ( N 2 / N 1 ) V C R 2 = 2 V I N ( N 2 / N 1 ) V C R 1 = V C R 2 = V C R 3 = V C R 4 = V I N V C R 5 = V C R 6 = 2 V I N ( N 2 / N 1 ) I C R I = I C R 2 = ( I M A G / 2 ) ( τ / T ) I C R 3 = I C R 4 = ( I M A G / 2 ) ( τ / T ) I C R 5 = I C R 6 = I R L / 2
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Requires auxiliary power supplies for control circuits. Poor transient response: High parts count. Collector current reduced by ratio of N 2/ N 1. Collector current reduced by turns ratio of transformer. V C R 1 = V C R 2 = V I N V C R 3 = V C R 4 = V I N ( N 2 / N 1 ) V C R I = V I N ( 1 + N 3 / N 1 ) V C R 3 = V I N ( N 2 / N 3 ) V C R 3 = V I N ( N 2 / N 1 ) I C R I = I C R 2 = ( I M A G / 2 ) ( τ / T ) I C R I = I M A G / 2 ) ( τ / T ) I C R 2 = I R L ( τ / T ) I C R 3 = I R L ( T − τ ) / T I C M A X = ( N 2 / N 1 ) ( I R L + Δ I L I / 2 ) + I M A G I C M A X = I R L ( N 2 / N 1 ) ( I R L + Δ I L I / 2 ) + I M A G Voltage inversion without using a transformer.